How to Identify the Symptoms of ADHD

In the UK, awareness of ADHD has increased, but many people still remain undiagnosed. Early identification and support can make a significant difference. In this blog, we identify the common symptoms of ADHD, how they present in different age groups, and the process of seeking a diagnosis.

Understanding ADHD: The Basics

ADHD is divided into three main types:

1: Inattentive Type: Difficulty in paying attention, forgetfulness, and poor organisational skills.

2: Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Restlessness, trouble staying seated, and acting impulsively without thinking.

3: Combined Type: A mix of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

While ADHD often manifests in childhood, it can persist into adulthood. In fact, many adults are diagnosed later in life when they recognise their long-standing struggles with attention, organisation, or impulse control.

Common Symptoms of ADHD in Children

ADHD is often diagnosed in children, but many parents can initially misinterpret these behaviours as “just being a child.” However, ADHD symptoms are more intense and persistent than typical childhood behaviours.

Here are some common signs:

1: Inattention

• Struggling to stay focused on tasks or play activities.
• Having a difficulty following instructions and often doesn’t complete tasks.
• Easily distracted, often appearing as if they are not listening.

2: Hyperactivity

• Unable to stay seated in situations where it's expected, such as during mealtimes.
• Constantly fidgeting or squirming.
• Talking excessively and often interrupting conversations.

3: Impulsivity

• Acting without thinking of the consequences.
• Having trouble waiting their turn, whether in conversations, games, or in line.
• Interrupting others frequently, finishing their sentences or jumping in with unrelated comments.

Common Symptoms of ADHD in Teenagers and Adults

ADHD can persist into adolescence and adulthood. In fact, for many adults, the signs of ADHD may have been present for years, but unrecognised or misunderstood. The symptoms in teenagers and adults can look different from those in children.

Some common signs include:

1: Inattention

• Having a difficulty focusing on work or completing tasks.
• Often feeling overwhelmed by organising tasks or time management.
• Frequently losing items or forgetting deadlines, meetings, or appointments.

2: Hyperactivity

• Often feeling restless, even in calm situations.
• Finding it difficult to relax, needing to constantly be moving or doing something.
• May have trouble engaging in quiet activities or sitting still for long periods.

3: Impulsivity

• Acting on impulse, such as making sudden decisions or interrupting others.
• Struggling with impulsive spending or making rash decisions without considering the long-term consequences.
• Finding it hard to wait, becoming frustrated in queues or during slow conversations.

The Diagnostic Process

If you or your child exhibits several of these symptoms and they have been ongoing for more than six months, it might be worth seeking a professional opinion. In the UK, ADHD diagnosis typically involves:

1: Contacting your GP: They will ask about symptoms, behaviours, and how long they have been present.

2: Referral to a specialist: If your GP believes further assessment is needed, they may refer you to a specialist, such as a child and adolescent psychiatrist or an ADHD clinic for adults.

3: Comprehensive evaluation: Diagnosis is usually based on interviews with parents, teachers, or close relatives. Standard questionnaires or diagnostic tools, such as the Conners Rating Scale, may be used to assess the symptoms.

Seeking Support

After diagnosis, managing ADHD can involve a combination of strategies, including behavioural therapy, support in schools or workplaces, and sometimes medication such as stimulants like methylphenidate (commonly prescribed in the UK). Support groups and charities, such as the UK’s ADHD Foundation, offer resources and guidance for both parents and adults with ADHD.

Conclusion

Recognising ADHD symptoms early is key to ensuring proper support and management. Whether you’re a parent noticing signs in your child or an adult grappling with long-standing struggles, understanding the symptoms and the process for diagnosis in the UK can be the first step to getting the help needed.